Hebrew letter

Mem

Mem (מ), value 40. Water.

4 correspondences · 3 with an ancient or scriptural source · 0 with no source located

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The oldest attribution here is Letter class Mother, first attested 100 CE.

Letter class

  • Mother

    Canonical
    Who says so
    Sefer Yetzirah's counting (2nd–6th century CE (contested))
    Earliest verified attestation
    100 CE
    Ancient or scriptural source
    Attested
    Evidence
    The source states it

    Westcott's Sefer Yetzirah names Mem among the Mothers.

    Evidence

    1. Rabbi Akiva (traditional attribution); older versions attributed to Abraham, Sefer Yetzirah, 2nd–6th century CE (contested) — 2:1

      Sacred primary · originates · Westcott translation, 3rd edition, 1911 (first published 1887)

      The Three Mothers are Aleph, Mem and Shin, they are Air, Water and Fire

      The printed membership list for the mother letters.

      Read the source

Element

  • Water

    Canonical
    Who says so
    Sefer Yetzirah Mother letters (text composed between the 2nd and 6th centuries CE)
    Earliest verified attestation
    100 CE
    Ancient or scriptural source
    Attested
    Evidence
    The source states it

    The Westcott translation states this Mother-letter pairing directly. Earth is not supplied because the cited three-Mother scheme does not assign it a fourth letter.

    Evidence

    1. Rabbi Akiva (traditional attribution); older versions attributed to Abraham, Sefer Yetzirah, 2nd–6th century CE (contested) — Chapter II, section 1

      Sacred primary · systematises · Westcott translation, 3rd edition, 1911 (first published 1887)

      The section names the three Mothers and the three elements together.

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    2. Rabbi Akiva (traditional attribution); older versions attributed to Abraham, Sefer Yetzirah, 2nd–6th century CE (contested) — Chapter III, section 5

      Sacred primary · repeats · Westcott translation, 3rd edition, 1911 (first published 1887)

      The later section states each letter's rule over its element individually.

      Read the source

Counts of

  • 22

    Traditional
    Who says so
    Sefer Yetzirah's counting (2nd–6th century CE (contested))
    Earliest verified attestation
    100 CE
    Ancient or scriptural source
    Attested
    Evidence
    The source states it

    One of the twenty-two letters Sefer Yetzirah calls the foundation of all things.

    Evidence

    1. Rabbi Akiva (traditional attribution); older versions attributed to Abraham, Sefer Yetzirah, 2nd–6th century CE (contested) — 1:2

      Sacred primary · originates · Westcott translation, 3rd edition, 1911 (first published 1887)

      Ten are the ineffable Sephiroth. Twenty-two are the Letters, the Foundation of all things; there are Three Mothers, Seven Double and Twelve Simple letters.

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Hebrew letter of

  • The Hanged Man

    Traditional
    Who says so
    Not yet attributed to a school
    Earliest verified attestation
    1888 CE
    Ancient or scriptural source
    Not yet investigated

    A Golden Dawn correspondence, not a claim about the historical origin of the card or a universal Jewish letter-to-card system.

    Evidence

    1. Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers (primarily); Harriet Felkin (later material), Book T, c. 1888 — The Twenty-Two Keys of the Book, pp. 5–7

      · Mathers, c. 1888 (Golden Dawn internal)

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    2. Aleister Crowley, 777, 1907–1909 — Table I, columns VII and XIX, row 23

      · First edition, 1909 (anonymous)

      Read the source