The Empress belongs to fertile ground, ripening grain and the life of the body. She is creativity tended until it bears fruit: abundance, nurture and the slow work of bringing something into being.
A card carries more than one history. Its place in the tarot pack, Golden Dawn path, Rider–Waite–Smith reading and later variants are kept beside their own sources, since the same name can do different work in different decks.
7 sourced claims:4traditional
, 3modern
In the Rider–Waite–Smith deck
The meanings are Waite's own words from The Pictorial Key to the Tarot. They belong to one influential school of reading and do not exhaust what the cards have meant in other hands.
Divinatory meaning
Upright
Fruitfulness, action, initiative, length of days; the unknown, clandestine; also difficulty, doubt, ignorance.
Reversed
Light, truth, the unravelling of involved matters, public rejoicings; according to another reading, vacillation.
A. E. Waite and Pamela Colman Smith, Rider–Waite–Smith — Part III, §3, The Greater Arcana and their Divinatory Meanings.
The same card in the Thoth deck
The Empress
· III
· The Daughter of the Mighty Ones
A crowned woman sits amid ripe grain and flowing water, bearing Venus on her shield and a worldly globe on her sceptre: cultivated nature and fecundity.
A concise paraphrase of Waite's published explanation of the Pamela Colman Smith design, not a universal description of all historical decks.
Divinatory meaning
Modern
Upright, Waite associates The Empress with fruitfulness, action, initiative and long development, while also allowing for uncertainty about what is emerging. Reversed, the card can suggest truth coming to light, public joy or difficulty making a settled choice.
Waite himself warns that many fortune-telling allocations are artificial and arbitrary; these are historical Rider–Waite–Smith meanings, not assertions of fact.
Historical context and places where influential decks or occult systems differ.
Historical context
One of the twenty-one figured trumps plus the Fool found beside the four ordinary suits in historical tarot packs.
Museum history dates the earliest documentary references to the 1440s–1450s in northern Italy and identifies tarot's original use as a trick-taking game. The occult-Qabalistic reading is later.
Sources (1)
Before Fortune-Telling: The History and Structure of Tarot Cards, Metropolitan Museum of Art online article, 2016 — paragraphs 1–4